All About Valves

Archive for November, 2009

I saw an outlet feeding maybe a dishwasher. The water lines under the sink criss crossed near the outlet and the pipes in the wall that fed the water lines with cutoff Valves right there inside the wall, were very close to the outlet. Any codes cover that?

Any recept that’s within 3′ of a water supply has to be either a GFI itself, or on a GFI protected circuit. That would be about the only one I can think of.

i have a 96 Nissan maxima and wanted to know if egrc Solenoid Valve is the same as the "EGR Valve"?
well i was going to take it out and clean it myself…

Nope.

You can get Ball ValvValves in just about all standard flange configurations from ANSI 150 to 2500. They can also be had in raised face as well as ring joint versions. Below is the Crane version.

Indoor climate control in cold regions is very important. As per ergonomics the floor temperature should range between 19 to 29 degrees C and the air temperature should range between 20 to 24 degrees C for maximum efficiency.

There are two types of indoor climate control namely convection type and radiant type. Convection type heats the air then air is moved around the interiors. Convection type uses systems like radiators, blowers and fireplaces. Radiant heating systems heat the floor using air, liquid or electricity.

A radiant system is a modern and superior system to a convection type system. The convection system heats the air and does not heat the floor whereas the ideal system should heat the floor more than the air. In a convection system the air tends to escape as it becomes lighter and moves towards the ceiling. Further convection systems can be harmful to people suffering from allergies or asthma as air is circulated. A convection system is not aesthetically good to look at, whereas the radiant systems go underneath the floor and are invisible.

Air Type Floor Heating System

In this system the air is heated in a central radiator and passed through pipes underneath the floor. However air heating systems are not popular because they are unable to retain heat over time. Hence they are used only where little heat is required such as mildly cold regions.

Water or Liquid Type Floor Heating System

In this type warm water is circulated in pipes laid under the floor. Usually 5/8-inch tubes are used. The water is heated in a boiler and circulated by means of thermo siphon. Thermo siphon is a natural system to flow water in tubes. A small pump is used to purge air bubbles trapped in the tubes. There are cutoff Valves in case you want to heat a particular room and not other rooms. The tubes usually have a life of 100 years and require very little maintenance. The same system can be used to circulate chilled water if the weather becomes hot. This system is the most common and electricity savings of 40 to 15% are common.

Electricity Type Floor Heating

In this type of system electric coils are laid underneath the floor. The main advantage of this system is the floor build up. It can be as low as 3 millimeters. The coils are installed on an insulation board like marmox and then the flooring is tiled over using tile adhesives. This system has faster warm up times compared to other systems. Floor heating systems can be installed on almost any type of floor such as concrete, tile, vinyl, linoleum, ceramic tiles, hardwood etc. Ceramics are most commonly used as they have higher thermal mass and good aesthetics.

Keith George
http://www.articlesbase.com/home-and-family-articles/the-basics-of-floor-heating-70032.html

Fen-Phen refers to the use of the drugs fenfluramine and phentermine in combination. This combination provided anorectic effects (appetite suppression) and was used for the treatment of obesity.

In July of 1997, researchers at the Mayo Clinic and Mayo Foundation reported 24 cases of rare valvular heart disease in women who took the fen-phen combination. The FDA had received nine reports of this phenomenon and subsequently received 66 additional reports. Most of these were associated with fen-phen, but some involved patients who were taking only fenfluramine, or the related drug, dexfenfluramine.

Fenfluramine, manufactured and marketed under the brand name Pondimin by American Home Products Corp., entered the US market in 1973. When used alone, the drug produced only moderate results which were often overshadowed by distressing side effects that included drowsiness and changes in mood.

The addition of the stimulant phentermine compensated for those undesirable side effects and produced greater weight loss. In 1992, based upon the results of a study conducted by Michael Weintraub and reported in the Journal of Clinical Pharmacology, physicians began to prescribe this combination off-label (it was not approved by the FDA).

As the patent on Pondimin (fenfluramine) neared its expiration, Redux (dexfenfluramine), which had already been marketed in Europe, was approved.

Dexfenfluramine was manufactured by Interneuron Pharmaceuticals and marketed under the brand name Redux by Wyeth-Ayerst Laboratories, a subsidiary of American Home Products Corp.

Based upon reports of valvular heart disease and primary pulmonary hypertension, cases that involved mostly women who had received this combination, the Food and Drug Administration requested that fenfluramine and dexfenfluramine be withdrawn from the market in September of 1997.

The FDA did not request that phentermine, the third drug widely used for the treatment of obesity, and the drug used in combination with fenfluramine, be withdrawn.

Echocardiograms, which reveal information related to the structure and functioning of heart valves, were abnormal in a much higher than expected number of the patients tested. Approximately 30 percent had abnormal findings, even though they had no symptoms. The abnormalities typically involve the aortic and mitral Valves of the heart.

The use of fenfluramine leads to weight loss because the drug fosters increased levels of the neurotransmitter serotonin, which is involved with a number of brain functions. In this case, its role is in producing satiety (a feeling of fullness).

As of 2004, fen-phen was no longer widely available. In 2005, American Layer magazine reported that more than 50,000 product liability lawsuits had been filed on behalf of people who alleged that they had suffered damages after taking fen-phen.

PPH (Primary Pulmonary Hypertension), a disease that thickens the capillaries in the lungs and impairs breathing and for which there is no cure, was linked to derivatives of fenfluramine by the IPPHS (International Primary Pulmonary Hypertension Study.

Nick Johnson
http://www.articlesbase.com/health-articles/fenphen-linked-to-primary-pulmonary-hypertension-94140.html

You and I are concerned about health issues. We want health safety for our families. We want to know that the food we serve is not going to jeopardize health - and that brings up the subject of microwaving.

Microwaving Plastic

The safety of microwaving food in plastic containers periodically returns to the surface of societal consciousness. Plastics contain chemicals. Many are chemicals we do not want in our food. Do they ooze from the plastic during microwaving?

Some plastics, both containers and wraps, have passed the FDA test, but others are still under scrutiny.

Microwave Tupperware Products

For consumer safety and health, Tupperware Corporation of Orlando, Florida makes microwave Tupperware. It identifies these products on the label so that consumers can use only the products that will not warp or melt. There is a good variety of microwave Tupperware. We discuss only 7 of them here.

1. “Heat ‘N Serve” square round microwave Tupperware is a basic black plastic container with a black lid - called a “seal” by Tupperware. This container can be used to store, freeze, and microwave food without changing containers. A unique feature on this microwave Tupperware is the red valve on top. This automatic valve lets steam escape as food is reheated. Seals will not blow off with the build up of steam, and food cannot splatter.

2. “Heat ‘N Serve” Containers are similar to the above microwave Tupperware, but are available in round and oval shapes. A raised hub in the middle of the bottom allows food to heat evenly in this microwave Tupperware, with no need for frequent stirring.

3. Another line of microwave Tupperware is the black and red “Rock ‘n Serve” set. With the same automatic “no-worry” valve as described above, these products are available in round or rectangular, small or large.

4. For microwave Tupperware that is super convenient for a family, you may want to try the microwave luncheon plates. These, too, have a footed base that lets air flow evenly around your food in the microwave. Food heats more quickly - but the plates’ edges remain cool for safety.

5. If you have food you want to steam, you will want to see the microsteamer. This special microwave Tupperware steams healthful dishes in less than 15 minutes. You can also use it for heating tortillas and pita bread.

6. Like hot oatmeal for breakfast? The line of microwave Tupperware includes microwaveable cereal bowls.

7. And if you’re cooking for one, you will appreciate the divided bowl that lets you microwave a 3-course meal in one bowl.

Microwave Tupperware are safe plastics. They give you the convenience and light weight you’ve come to associate with Tupperware, and the safety of cooking healthful food in that lightweight convenience.

Since microwave Tupperware are unbreakable, you can even let younger children help - with supervision, of course.

One of the features of microwave Tupperware people seem to talk about often is the warranty. All Tupperware products come with a full lifetime warranty against breaking, chipping, cracking, or peeling. I know of no other microwaveable plastic that carries such a warranty.

Disadvantages of Microwave Tupperware

I have heard no one voice a disadvantage of microwave Tupperware other than the initial cost. We are not accustomed to think of plastic as an expensive item, and many think Tupperware is too costly. Others point out that it is an investment, and with its long life the cost is soon recouped.

If you are interested in trying microwave Tupperware, you can order online, at a kiosk in some malls, or through a local distributor. You may find a Tupperware party to attend, but these are no longer the only outlet.

NOTE: I have never been a Tupperware dealer or representative of any kind, and am not one now. I merely have an interest in the product.

Anna Hart
http://www.articlesbase.com/home-improvement-articles/microwave-tupperware-safely-125934.html

I own a 2001 nissian pathfinder and my service engine light came on and the code read: p11 31 swirl control Solenoid Valve function. Does anyone know what that does? How much it costs? Or what that means? PLEASE HELP ME PEOPLE!! Thank you!

The Nissan KA engine has butterflies in the intake manifold on each cylinder intake port which induces swirl in the combustion chamber for better vaporization of the fuel/air mixture and better combustion. The butterflies are on a shaft running through the intake manifold and on the end of the manifold there is a lever (aka swirl control valve) controlling the shaft which is activated by a solenoid which is controlled by the ECM. I expect either the shaft is seized and the lever is not functioning or the SCV solenoid controlling the lever is not functioning.

Edit note: I just discovered that the 2001 Pathfinder has a VQ series V6 engine and I don’t know if it has swirl inducing butterflies in the intake manifold as the 4 cylinder KA engines do but I suppose it does if you are getting that diagnostic trouble code.

Suppose you deflate a bicycle tire be depressing the Air Valve. Why does air rush out of the tire? After the air stops rushing out of the tire, is the tire empty?.

1.The air in the tyre is under pressure and so rushes out from high to low pressure.
2.The tyre is not empty (this would be a vacuum) but contains air at atmospheric pressure.

How does it relate to particle of matter & what is its property; viscosity, density, buoyancy, pressure. (explain it please?) thank you.

Some valves are better than others at controlling certain types of products like gases or fluids. It depends on the application, type of product, pressure through the pipe, diameter of pipe, etc.

There a different types of Valves besides a ball valve, like globe valves, gate valves, needle valves, butterfly valves, etc. They can be manually, hydraulically or pneumatically operated.

I’m in an engineering class at my high school and we are trying to make a better soccer ball or pump. One of the steps we must do in order to finish our project is to understand how a soccer ball Air Valve works.

The air valve actually works very similarly to your vagina. For reference, please see yourself.